欧美EMBA组织行为学教材七

Organization A

This organization is a manufacturing firm. Managers are expected to fully document all decisions;

and “good managers” are those who can provide detailed data to support their recommendations.

Creative decisions that incur significant change or risk are not encouraged. Because managers of

failed projects are openly criticized and penalized, managers try not to implement ideas that deviate

much from the status quo. One lower-level manager quoted an often used phrase in the company: “If

it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.”

There are extensive rules and regulations in this firm that employees are required to follow.

Managers supervise employees closely to ensure there are no deviations. Management is concerned

with high productivity, regardless of the impact on employee morale or turnover.

Work activities are designed around individuals. There are distinct departments and lines of

authority, and employees are expected to minimize formal contact with other employees outside their

functional area or line of command. Performance evaluations and rewards emphasize individual

effort, although seniority tends to be the primary factor in the determination of pay raises and

promotions.