激励机制为企业管理难题之首

Need 需要

An internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive

　 是一种内部状态，它使人感到某种结果具有吸引力。

Motivation 激励

The willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need

　 个体希望通过高水平的努力而实现组织目标的愿望，其前提条件是这种努力能够满足个体的某种需要。

Theory X、 Y (McGregor)

麦格雷格的X 、 Y理论

管理者的行为建立在假设的基础之上。

Theory X (McGregor)

The assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, seek to avoid responsibility, and must be coerced to perform

Theory Y

The assumption that employees are creative, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction

Motivation-Hygiene theory (Herzberg)

赫兹伯格的激励－保健理论

使职工产生满意因素与不满意因素是不同的。

Motivators （激励因素）

increase job satisfaction

　增加工作的满意感

e.g. recognition and growth

　 如： 得到承认与成长

Hygiene factors （保健因素）

eliminate job dissatisfaction

　减少工作的不满意感

e.g. working conditions and salary

　如：工作条件与薪酬

an individual tends to act in a certain way, in the expectation that the act will